What Is Zinnat Used To Treat?

Zinnat is an antibiotic used to treat certain infections caused by bacteria, including respiratory tract infections such as tonsillitis and pharyngitis (infections of the throat), urinary tract infections (infections of the structures that carry urine), skin infections, soft-tissue infections (infections of tissues

Contents

What does zinnat drug work for?

Zinnat Tablets 250mg This information is intended for use by health professionals Zinnat 250 mg film-coated tablets

  • Each tablet contains 250 mg cefuroxime (as cefuroxime axetil).
  • Excipient(s) with known effect:
  • Each tablet contains 0.00203 mg sodium benzoate (E211)
  • Each tablet contains Methyl parahydroxybenzoate (E218) and Propyl parahydroxybenzoate (E216)
  • For the full list of excipients, see section 6.1

Film-coated tablet (tablet) Zinnat is indicated for the treatment of the infections listed below in adults and children from the age of 3 months (see sections 4.4 and 5.1).

  1. • Acute streptococcal tonsillitis and pharyngitis.
  2. • Acute bacterial sinusitis.
  3. • Acute otitis media.
  4. • Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis.
  5. • Cystitis.
  6. • Pyelonephritis.
  7. • Uncomplicated skin and soft tissue infections.
  8. • Treatment of early Lyme disease.
  9. Consideration should be given to official guidance on the appropriate use of antibacterial agents.
  • Posology
  • The usual course of therapy is seven days (may range from five to ten days).
  • Table 1. Adults and children (≥40 kg)
Indication Dosage
Acute tonsillitis and pharyngitis, acute bacterial sinusitis 250 mg twice daily
Acute otitis media 500 mg twice daily
Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis 500 mg twice daily
Cystitis 250 mg twice daily
Pyelonephritis 250 mg twice daily
Uncomplicated skin and soft tissue infections 250 mg twice daily
Lyme disease 500 mg twice daily for 14 days (range of 10 to 21 days)

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  • Table 2. Children (<40 kg)
  • Indication Dosage
    Acute tonsillitis and pharyngitis, acute bacterial sinusitis 10 mg/kg twice daily to a maximum of 125 mg twice daily
    Children aged two years or older with otitis media or, where appropriate, with more severe infections 15 mg/kg twice daily to a maximum of 250 mg twice daily
    Cystitis 15 mg/kg twice daily to a maximum of 250 mg twice daily
    Pyelonephritis 15 mg/kg twice daily to a maximum of 250 mg twice daily for 10 to 14 days
    Uncomplicated skin and soft tissue infections 15 mg/kg twice daily to a maximum of 250 mg twice daily
    Lyme disease 15 mg/kg twice daily to a maximum of 250 mg twice daily for 14 days (10 to 21 days)

    There is no experience of using Zinnat in children under the age of 3 months. Cefuroxime axetil tablets and cefuroxime axetil granules for oral suspension are not bioequivalent and are not substitutable on a milligram-per-milligram basis (see section 5.2).

    Renal impairment The safety and efficacy of cefuroxime axetil in patients with renal failure have not been established. Cefuroxime is primarily excreted by the kidneys. In patients with markedly impaired renal function it is recommended that the dosage of cefuroxime should be reduced to compensate for its slower excretion.

    Cefuroxime is effectively removed by dialysis. Table 5. Recommended doses for Zinnat in renal impairment

    Creatinine clearance T 1/2 (hrs) Recommended dosage
    ≥30 ml/min/1.73 m 2 1.4–2.4 no dose adjustment necessary (standard dose of 125 mg to 500 mg given twice daily)
    10-29 ml/min/1.73 m 2 4.6 standard individual dose given every 24 hours
    <10 ml/min/1.73 m 2 16.8 standard individual dose given every 48 hours
    During haemodialysis 2–4 a single additional standard individual dose should be given at the end of each dialysis

    Hepatic impairment There are no data available for patients with hepatic impairment. Since cefuroxime is primarily eliminated by the kidney, the presence of hepatic dysfunction is expected to have no effect on the pharmacokinetics of cefuroxime.

    • Method of administration
    • Oral use
    • Zinnat tablets should be taken after food for optimum absorption.

    Zinnat tablets should not be crushed and are therefore unsuitable for treatment of patients who cannot swallow tablets. In children Zinnat oral suspension may be used. Depending on the dosage, there are other presentations available. Hypersensitivity to cefuroxime or to any of the excipients listed in section 6.1.

    Patients with known hypersensitivity to cephalosporin antibiotics. History of severe hypersensitivity (e.g. anaphylactic reaction) to any other type of betalactam antibacterial agent (penicillins, monobactams and carbapenems). Hypersensitivity reactions Special care is indicated in patients who have experienced an allergic reaction to penicillins or other beta-lactam antibiotics because there is a risk of cross-sensitivity.

    As with all beta-lactam antibacterial agents, serious and occasionally fatal hypersensitivity reactions have been reported. In case of severe hypersensitivity reactions, treatment with cefuroxime must be discontinued immediately and adequate emergency measures must be initiated.

    Before beginning treatment, it should be established whether the patient has a history of severe hypersensitivity reactions to cefuroxime, to other cephalosporins or to any other type of beta-lactam agent. Caution should be used if cefuroxime is given to patients with a history of non-severe hypersensitivity to other beta-lactam agents.

    Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction The Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction has been seen following cefuroxime axetil treatment of Lyme disease. It results directly from the bactericidal activity of cefuroxime axetil on the causative bacteria of Lyme disease, the spirochaete Borrelia burgdorferi.

    1. Patients should be reassured that this is a common and usually self-limiting consequence of antibiotic treatment of Lyme disease (see section 4.8).
    2. Overgrowth of non-susceptible microorganisms As with other antibiotics, use of cefuroxime axetil may result in the overgrowth of Candida.
    3. Prolonged use may also result in the overgrowth of other non-susceptible microorganisms (e.g.

    enterococci and Clostridium difficile ), which may require interruption of treatment (see section 4.8). Antibacterial agent–associated pseudomembranous colitis have been reported with nearly all antibacterial agents, including cefuroxime and may range in severity from mild to life threatening.

    This diagnosis should be considered in patients with diarrhoea during or subsequent to the administration of cefuroxime (see section 4.8). Discontinuation of therapy with cefuroxime and the administration of specific treatment for Clostridium difficile should be considered. Medicinal products that inhibit peristalsis should not be given (see section 4.8).

    Interference with diagnostic tests The development of a positive Coombs Test associated with the use of cefuroxime may interfere with cross matching of blood (see section 4.8).

    1. As a false negative result may occur in the ferricyanide test, it is recommended that either the glucose oxidase or hexokinase methods are used to determine blood/plasma glucose levels in patients receiving cefuroxime axetil.
    2. Important information about excipients
    3. This medicine contains 0.00203 mg sodium benzoate in each 250 mg tablet

    Zinnat tablets contain parabens which may cause allergic reactions (possibly delayed). This medicine contains less than 1 mmol (23 mg) of sodium, that is to say essentially ‘sodium free’. Drugs which reduce gastric acidity may result in a lower bioavailability of cefuroxime axetil compared with that of the fasting state and tend to cancel the effect of enhanced absorption after food. Cefuroxime axetil may affect the gut flora, leading to lower oestrogen reabsorption and reduced efficacy of combined oral contraceptives. Cefuroxime is excreted by glomerular filtration and tubular secretion. Concomitant use of probenicid is not recommended. Concurrent administration of probenecid significantly increases the peak concentration, area under the serum concentration time curve and elimination half-life of cefuroxime. Concomitant use with oral anticoagulants may give rise to increased INR. Pregnancy There are limited data from the use of cefuroxime in pregnant women. Studies in animals have shown no harmful effects on pregnancy, embryonal or foetal development, parturition or postnatal development. Zinnat should be prescribed to pregnant women only if the benefit outweighs the risk. Breastfeeding Cefuroxime is excreted in human milk in small quantities. Adverse effects at therapeutic doses are not expected, although a risk of diarrhoea and fungus infection of the mucous membranes cannot be excluded. Breastfeeding might have to be discontinued due to these effects. The possibility of sensitisation should be taken into account. Cefuroxime should only be used during breastfeeding after benefit/risk assessment by the physician in charge. Fertility There are no data on the effects of cefuroxime axetil on fertility in humans. Reproductive studies in animals have shown no effects on fertility. No studies on the effects on the ability to drive and use machines have been performed. However, as this medicine may cause dizziness, patients should be warned to be cautious when driving or operating machinery. The most common adverse reactions are Candida overgrowth, eosinophilia, headache, dizziness, gastrointestinal disturbances and transient rise in liver enzymes. The frequency categories assigned to the adverse reactions below are estimates, as for most reactions suitable data (for example from placebo-controlled studies) for calculating incidence were not available. In addition the incidence of adverse reactions associated with cefuroxime axetil may vary according to the indication. Data from large clinical studies were used to determine the frequency of very common to rare undesirable effects. The frequencies assigned to all other undesirable effects (i.e. those occurring at <1/10,000) were mainly determined using post-marketing data and refer to a reporting rate rather than true frequency. Placebo-controlled trial data were not available. Where incidences have been calculated from clinical trial data, these were based on drug-related (investigator assessed) data. Within each frequency grouping, undesirable effects are presented in order of decreasing seriousness. Treatment related adverse reactions, all grades, are listed below by MedDRA body system organ class, frequency and grade of severity. The following convention has been utilised for the classification of frequency: very common ≥ 1/10; common ≥ 1/100 to < 1/10, uncommon ≥ 1/1,000 to < 1/100; rare ≥ 1/10,000 to < 1/1,000; very rare < 1/10,000 and not known (cannot be estimated from the available data).

    System organ class Common Uncommon Not known
    Infections and infestations Candida overgrowth Clostridium difficile overgrowth
    Blood and lymphatic system disorders eosinophilia positive Coomb’s test, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia (sometimes profound) haemolytic anaemia
    Immune system disorders drug fever, serum sickness, anaphylaxis, Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction
    Nervous system disorders headache, dizziness
    Gastrointestinal disorders diarrhoea, nausea, abdominal pain vomiting pseudomembranous colitis (see section 4.4)
    Hepatobiliary disorders transient increases of hepatic enzyme levels jaundice (predominantly cholestatic), hepatitis
    Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders skin rashes urticaria, pruritus, erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis (exanthematic necrolysis) ( see Immune system disorders ), angioneurotic oedema
    • Description of selected adverse reactions
    • Cephalosporins as a class tend to be absorbed onto the surface of red cells membranes and react with antibodies directed against the drug to produce a positive Coombs test (which can interfere with cross-matching of blood) and very rarely haemolytic anaemia.
    • Transient rises in serum liver enzymes have been observed which are usually reversible.
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  • Paediatric population
  • The safety profile for cefuroxime axetil in children is consistent with the profile in adults.
  • Reporting of suspected adverse reactions
  • Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via the Yellow Card Scheme at: www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard or search for MHRA Yellow Card in the Google Play or Apple App Store.

    • Pharmacotherapeutic group: antibacterials for systemic use, second-generation cephalosporins, ATC code: J01DC02
    • Mechanism of action
    • Cefuroxime axetil undergoes hydrolysis by esterase enzymes to the active antibiotic, cefuroxime.

    Cefuroxime inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis following attachment to penicillin binding proteins (PBPs). This results in the interruption of cell wall (peptidoglycan) biosynthesis, which leads to bacterial cell lysis and death.

    1. Mechanism of resistance
    2. Bacterial resistance to cefuroxime may be due to one or more of the following mechanisms:
    3. • hydrolysis by beta-lactamases; including (but not limited to) by extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs), and AmpC enzymes that may be induced or stably derepressed in certain aerobic Gram-negative bacteria species;
    4. • reduced affinity of penicillin-binding proteins for cefuroxime;
    5. • outer membrane impermeability, which restricts access of cefuroxime to penicillin binding proteins in Gram-negative bacteria;
    6. • bacterial efflux pumps.
    7. Organisms that have acquired resistance to other injectable cephalosporins are expected to be resistant to cefuroxime.
    8. Depending on the mechanism of resistance, organisms with acquired resistance to penicillins may demonstrate reduced susceptibility or resistance to cefuroxime.
    9. Cefuroxime axetil breakpoints
    10. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) breakpoints established by the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) are as follows:
    Microorganism Breakpoints (mg/L)
    S R
    Enterobacteriaceae 1, 2 ≤8 >8
    Staphylococcus spp. Note 3 Note 3
    Streptococcus A, B, C and G Note 4 Note 4
    Streptococcus pneumoniae ≤0.25 >0.5
    Moraxella catarrhalis ≤0.125 >4
    Haemophilus influenzae ≤0.125 >1
    Non-species related breakpoints 1 IE 5 IE 5
    1 The cephalosporin breakpoints for Enterobacteriaceae will detect all clinically important resistance mechanisms (including ESBL and plasmid mediated AmpC). Some strains that produce beta-lactamases are susceptible or intermediate to 3rd or 4th generation cephalosporins with these breakpoints and should be reported as found, i.e. the presence or absence of an ESBL does not in itself influence the categorization of susceptibility. In many areas, ESBL detection and characterization is recommended or mandatory for infection control purposes.2 Uncomplicated UTI (cystitis) only (see section 4.1).3 Susceptibility of staphylococci to cephalosporins is inferred from the methicillin susceptibility except for ceftazidme and cefixime and ceftibuten, which do not have breakpoints and should not be used for staphylococcal infections.4 The beta-lactam susceptability of beta-haemolytic streptococci groups A, B, C and G is inferred from the penicillin susceptibility.5 insufficient evidence that the species in question is a good target for therapy with the drug. An MIC with a comment but without an accompanying S or R-categorization may be reported.

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  • S=susceptible, R=resistant
  • Microbiological susceptibility
  • The prevalence of acquired resistance may vary geographically and with time for selected species and local information on resistance is desirable, particularly when treating severe infections. As necessary, expert advice should be sought when the local prevalence of resistance is such that the utility of cefuroxime axetil in at least some types of infections is questionable.

    Commonly susceptible species
    1. Gram-positive aerobes:
    2. Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin susceptible) *
    3. Coagulase negative staphylococcus (methicillin susceptible)
    4. Streptococcus pyogenes
    5. Streptococcus agalactiae
    • Gram-negative aerobes:
    • Haemophilus influenzae
    • Haemophilus parainfluenzae
    • Moraxella catarrhalis
    Spirochaetes: Borrelia burgdorferi
    Microorganisms for which acquired resistance may be a problem
    Gram-positive aerobes: Streptococcus pneumoniae
    1. Gram-negative aerobes:
    2. Citrobacter freundii
    3. Enterobacter aerogenes
    4. Enterobacter cloacae
    5. Escherichia coli
    6. Klebsiella pneumoniae
    7. Proteus mirabilis

    Proteus spp.(other than P. vulgaris) Providencia spp.

    • Gram-positive anaerobes:
    • Peptostreptococcus spp.
    • Propionibacterium spp.
    1. Gram-negative anaerobes:
    2. Fusobacterium spp.
    3. Bacteroides spp.
    Inherently resistant microorganisms
    • Gram-positive aerobes:
    • Enterococcus faecalis
    • Enterococcus faecium
    1. Gram-negative aerobes:
    2. Acinetobacter spp.
    3. Campylobacter spp.
    4. Morganella morganii
    5. Proteus vulgaris
    6. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
    7. Serratia marcescens
    Gram-negative anaerobes: Bacteroides fragilis
    • Others:
    • Chlamydia spp.
    • Mycoplasma spp.
    • Legionella spp.

    All methicillin-resistant S. aureus are resistant to cefuroxime. Absorption After oral administration cefuroxime axetil is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and rapidly hydrolysed in the intestinal mucosa and blood to release cefuroxime into the circulation.

    1. Optimum absorption occurs when it is administered shortly after a meal.
    2. Following administration of cefuroxime axetil tablets peak serum levels (2.1 mcg/ml for a 125 mg dose, 4.1 mcg/ml for a 250 mg dose, 7.0 mcg/ml for a 500 mg dose and 13.6 mcg/ml for a 1000 mg dose) occur approximately 2 to 3 hours after dosing when taken with food.

    The rate of absorption of cefuroxime from the suspension is reduced compared with the tablets, leading to later, lower peak serum levels and reduced systemic bioavailability (4 to 17% less). Cefuroxime axetil oral suspension was not bioequivalent to cefuroxime axetil tablets when tested in healthy adults and therefore is not substitutable on a milligram-per-milligram basis (see section 4.2).The pharmacokinetics of cefuroxime is linear over the oral dosage range of 125 to 1000 mg.

    • No accumulation of cefuroxime occurred following repeat oral doses of 250 to 500 mg.
    • Distribution Protein binding has been stated as 33 to 50% depending on the methodology used.
    • Following a single dose of cefuroxime axetil 500 mg tablet to 12 healthy volunteers, the apparent volume of distribution was 50 L (CV%=28%).

    Concentrations of cefuroxime in excess of the minimum inhibitory levels for common pathogens can be achieved in the tonsilla, sinus tissues, bronchial mucosa, bone, pleural fluid, joint fluid, synovial fluid, interstitial fluid, bile, sputum and aqueous humor.

    1. Biotransformation
    2. Cefuroxime is not metabolised.
    3. Elimination

    The serum half-life is between 1 and 1.5 hours. Cefuroxime is excreted by glomerular filtration and tubular secretion. The renal clearance is in the region of 125 to 148 ml/min/1.73 m 2,

    • Special patient populations
    • Gender
    • No differences in the pharmacokinetics of cefuroxime were observed between males and females.
    • Elderly

    No special precaution is necessary in the elderly patients with normal renal function at dosages up to the normal maximum of 1 g per day. Elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function; therefore, the dose should be adjusted in accordance with the renal function in the elderly (see section 4.2).

    1. Paediatrics
    2. In older infants (aged >3 months) and in children, the pharmacokinetics of cefuroxime are similar to that observed in adults.
    3. There is no clinical trial data available on the use of cefuroxime axetil in children under the age of 3 months.
    4. Renal impairment

    The safety and efficacy of cefuroxime axetil in patients with renal failure have not been established. Cefuroxime is primarily excreted by the kidneys. Therefore, as with all such antibiotics, in patients with markedly impaired renal function (i.e. C1cr <30 ml/minute) it is recommended that the dosage of cefuroxime should be reduced to compensate for its slower excretion (see section 4.2). Cefuroxime is effectively removed by dialysis. Hepatic impairment There are no data available for patients with hepatic impairment. Since cefuroxime is primarily eliminated by the kidney, the presence of hepatic dysfunction is expected to have no effect on the pharmacokinetics of cefuroxime. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship For cephalosporins, the most important pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic index correlating with in vivo efficacy has been shown to be the percentage of the dosing interval (%T) that the unbound concentration remains above the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of cefuroxime for individual target species (i.e. %T>MIC). Non-clinical data reveal no special hazard for humans based on studies of safety pharmacology, repeated dose toxicity, genotoxicity and toxicity to reproduction and development. No carcinogenicity studies have been performed; however, there is no evidence to suggest carcinogenic potential. Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase activity in rat urine is inhibited by various cephalosporins, however the level of inhibition is less with cefuroxime. This may have significance in the interference in clinical laboratory tests in humans.

    • Microcrystalline cellulose
    • Sodium Laurilsulfate
    • Croscarmellose Sodium
    • Hydrogenated vegetable oil
    • Silica Colloidal Anhydrous
    • Hypromellose
    • Propylene glycol
    • Methyl parahydroxybenzoate (E218)
    • Propyl parahydroxybenzoate (E216)
    • Opaspray white M-1-7120J

    A positive Coombs’ test has been reported during treatment with cephalosporins – this phenomenon can interfere with cross-matching of blood.

    1. Aluminium foil blister pack with an aluminium lid.
    2. Pack size: 6, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20, 24 and 50
    3. Not all pack sizes may be marketed.

    Any unused medicinal product or waste material should be disposed of in accordance with local requirements.

    • Glaxo Wellcome UK Limited trading as GlaxoSmithKline UK
    • 980 Great West Road
    • Brentford
    • Middlesex
    • TW8 9GS

    : Zinnat Tablets 250mg

    Who should not take zinnat?

    Hypersensitivity. – Rash, pruritus, urticaria. Patients with a history of delayed hypersensitivity to penicillin (but not a cephalosporin) experienced delayed hypersensitivity reaction to cefuroxime axetil in 2.9% cases. As with other cephalosporins, rare cases of severe hypersensitivity reactions, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome, erythema multiforme, toxic epidermal necrosis, drug fever, serum sickness-like reaction and anaphylaxis have been reported with cefuroxime axetil.

    How long does it take zinnat to work?

    Following administration of ZINNAT tablets peak serum levels (2.1 mg/l for a 125 mg dose, 4.1 mg/l for a 250 mg dose, 7.0 mg/l for a 500 mg dose and 13.6 mg/l for a 1 g dose) occur approximately 2 to 3 hours after dosing when taken with food.

    Does zinnat have side effects?

    Key facts about cefuroxime –

    • Cefuroxime is suitable for adults, children and pregnant women.
    • It should not be used if you have ever had an allergic reaction to a penicillin or cephalosporin antibiotic.
    • Zinnat and Zinacef are brand names for cefuroxime.
    • Cefuroxime tablets and liquid should be taken with food. Always complete the course.
    • The most common side effects of cefuroxime are stomach ache, diarrhoea, feeling or being sick, headache, dizziness and thrush infections.
    • See a doctor as soon as possible if you get diarrhoea that is severe, persistent or contains blood/mucus.
    • It’s generally OK to drink alcohol in moderation while taking cefuroxime. See below.

    What type of antibiotic is Zinnat?

    Cefuroxime for infection. Cefuroxime side effects

    Before you take cefuroxime, make sure your doctor knows if you have ever had an allergic reaction to any other antibiotic. Space your doses out evenly over the day and complete the full course of the antibiotic, even if you feel your infection has cleared up. The most common side-effect is diarrhoea, which is usually mild and soon passes. If it becomes severe or lasts for more than 24 hours, you should speak with your doctor.

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    Type of medicine A cephalosporin antibiotic Used for Treatment (or prevention) of infection Also called Zinnat® Available as Tablets, oral liquid medicine and injection

    Cefuroxime is a broad-spectrum antibiotic, which means that it is active against a wide variety of bacteria. It is used to treat bacterial infections such as urinary tract infections, skin infections,, and, It is also given before some surgical operations, to prevent an infection from occurring.

    • Cefuroxime treats an infection by killing the bacteria that are causing it.
    • Cefuroxime is suitable for adults and children, and can be taken during pregnancy.
    • Some people who are allergic to penicillin antibiotics may not be able to take cefuroxime, so make sure your doctor knows if you have ever had an allergic reaction to any other antibiotic.

    Some medicines are not suitable for people with certain conditions, and sometimes a medicine may only be used if extra care is taken. For these reasons, before you start taking cefuroxime it is important that your doctor knows:

    If you have ever had an allergic reaction to a medicine. It is particularly important that you tell your doctor if you have had a bad reaction to a penicillin or cephalosporin antibiotic.If you have any problems with the way your kidneys work.If you are pregnant, trying for a baby or breastfeeding. (Although cefuroxime is not known to be harmful to babies, it is still important that you tell your doctor if you are expecting or breastfeeding a baby.)If you are taking or using any other medicines. This includes any medicines you are taking which are available to buy without a prescription, as well as herbal and complementary medicines.

    Before you start taking cefuroxime, read the manufacturer’s printed information leaflet from inside your pack. The manufacturer’s leaflet will give you more information about the antibiotic and a full list of side-effects which you may experience from taking it.You should take cefuroxime exactly as your doctor tells you to. There are two strengths of cefuroxime tablets available: 125 mg and 250 mg. It is usual to be prescribed either 125 mg or 250 mg to be taken twice a day, although doses can be higher than this for severe infections. Your doctor will tell you what dose is right for you (or your child), and this information will be printed on the label of the pack to remind you. If you have been given liquid medicine, read the directions carefully to make sure you measure out the correct amount of medicine. Your doctor will also tell you how long your course of treatment will last – this is commonly about 5-7 days.Take your doses with a snack, or just after eating a meal. Swallow the tablets whole with a drink of water. Do not chew or break the tablets.Space your doses out evenly throughout the day. Keep taking the antibiotic until the course is finished unless you are told to stop. Taking the full course is important (even if you feel your infection has cleared up) in order to prevent the infection from coming back.If you forget to take a dose, take one as soon as you remember. Try to take the correct number of doses each day, but do not take two doses at the same time to make up.

    Some people develop thrush (redness and itching in the mouth or vagina) after taking a course of antibiotics. If you think you have thrush speak with your doctor or pharmacist for advice.If you are using oral combined hormonal contraception (the ‘pill’), additional contraceptive precautions such as condoms are recommended for a time if you have vomiting or diarrhoea which lasts for more than 24 hours. If you need further advice about this, speak with your doctor or pharmacist.If you are having an operation or any other medical treatment, tell the person carrying out the treatment that you are taking an antibiotic. This is because cefuroxime may interfere with the results of some tests to check for sugar in your urine.Cefuroxime may stop the oral typhoid vaccine from working. If you are having any vaccinations, make sure the person treating you knows that you are taking this antibiotic.

    Along with their useful effects, most medicines can cause unwanted side-effects although not everyone experiences them. The table below contains some of the most common ones associated with cefuroxime. You will find a full list in the manufacturer’s information leaflet supplied with your medicine.

    Common cefuroxime side-effects – these affect less than 1 in 10 people who take this medicine What can I do if I experience this?
    Diarrhoea Drink plenty of water to replace any lost fluids. If the diarrhoea continues for longer than 24 hours, or becomes severe or contains blood, let your doctor know straightaway
    Feeling sick (nausea), tummy (abdominal) discomfort Stick to simple foods. Make sure you take your doses after meals
    Headache Drink plenty of water and ask your pharmacist to recommend a suitable painkiller. If the headaches continue, let your doctor know
    Feeling dizzy Do not drive and do not use tools or machines until you feel better
    Changes to some blood tests (these are temporary) Speak with your doctor if you have concerns about this
    Skin rash, and other allergic-type reactions Let your doctor know as soon as possible, as your treatment may need to be changed

    Important : if you develop an itchy rash, or a swollen face or mouth, or have difficulty breathing, these can be signs that you are allergic to the antibiotic. Do not take any more cefuroxime and speak with your doctor or go to your local accident and emergency department straightaway.

    Keep all medicines out of the reach and sight of children.Store in a cool, dry place, away from direct heat and light.If you have been given liquid medicine, store it in a refrigerator. It will have been made up by the pharmacy and lasts for 10 days, so remember to check the expiry date on the bottle and do not use it after this date.

    Never take more than the prescribed dose. If you suspect that you or someone else might have taken an overdose of this medicine, go to the accident and emergency department of your local hospital. Take the container with you, even if it is empty. This medicine is for you. Never give it to other people even if their condition appears to be the same as yours. If you buy any medicines, check with a pharmacist that they are safe to take with your other medicines. If you are having an operation or any dental treatment, tell the person carrying out the treatment which medicines you are taking. Do not keep out-of-date or unwanted medicines. Take them to your local pharmacy which will dispose of them for you. If you have any questions about this medicine ask your pharmacist.

    Cefuroxime for infection. Cefuroxime side effects

    How often should Zinnat be taken?

    Take all the tablets your doctor has prescribed for you, even if you feel better. Zinnat should not be given to children less than 3 months of age. When should I take Zinnat? Zinnat is usually taken twice a day.

    Is Zinnat a penicillin?

    ZINNAT belongs to a group of medicines called cephalosporin antibiotics.

    Can I take Zinnat 500mg twice a day?

    The recommended dose of Zinnat is 250 mg to 500 mg twice daily depending on the severity and type of infection.

    Can you drink milk with Zinnat?

    Zinnat suspension works better if taken with food. The dose can be taken straight from a spoon or mixed with cold children’s drinks such as fruit juice or milk. Do not mix with hot drinks.

    What happens if you take antibiotics without infection?

    As the Chief Medical Officer and experts around the world warn of a ‘post-antibiotic apocalypse’ and ‘the end of modern medicine’, Public Health England launches a major new campaign to help ‘Keep Antibiotics Working’, The campaign warns people that taking antibiotics when they are not needed puts them at risk of a more severe or longer infection, and urges people to take their doctor’s advice on antibiotics.

    1. Public Health England’s ESPAUR report reveals that as antibiotic resistance grows, the options for treatment decrease.
    2. Worryingly, 4 in 10 patients with an E.coli bloodstream infection in England cannot be treated with the most commonly used antibiotic in hospitals.
    3. Antibiotics are essential to treat serious bacterial infections, such as meningitis, pneumonia and sepsis, but they are frequently being used to treat illnesses, such as coughs, earache and sore throats that can get better by themselves.

    Taking antibiotics encourages harmful bacteria that live inside you to become resistant. That means that antibiotics may not work when you really need them. It is estimated that at least 5,000 deaths are caused every year in England because antibiotics no longer work for some infections and this figure is set to rise with experts predicting that in just over 30 years antibiotic resistance will kill more people than cancer and diabetes combined.

    1. The ‘Keep Antibiotics Working’ campaign urges the public to always trust their doctor, nurse or pharmacist’s advice as to when they need antibiotics and if they are prescribed, take antibiotics as directed and never save them for later use or share them with others.
    2. The campaign also provides effective self-care advice to help individuals and their families feel better if they are not prescribed antibiotics.

    Professor Paul Cosford, Medical Director at Public Health England, comments: Antibiotic resistance is not a distant threat, but is in fact one of the most dangerous global crises facing the modern world today. Taking antibiotics when you don’t need them puts you and your family at risk of developing infections which in turn cannot be easily treated with antibiotics.

    1. Without urgent action from all of us, common infections, minor injuries and routine operations will become much riskier.
    2. PHE’s ‘Keep Antibiotics Working’ campaign helps to explain the risks of antibiotic resistance to the public.
    3. It is important for people to understand that if they are feeling under the weather and see their GP or a nurse, antibiotics may not be prescribed if they are not effective for their condition, but they should expect to have a full discussion about how to manage their symptoms.

    Professor Dame Sally Davies, Chief Medical Officer, comments: Without effective antibiotics, minor infections could become deadly and many medical advances could be at risk; surgery, chemotherapy and caesareans could become simply too dangerous. But reducing inappropriate use of antibiotics can help us stay ahead of superbugs.

    The public has a critical role to play and can help by taking collective action. I welcome the launch of the ‘Keep Antibiotics Working’ campaign, and remember that antibiotics are not always needed so always take your doctor’s advice. Health Minister Steve Brine said: Following on from the global Call to Action conference held this month, we are asking people to help so we can make sure antibiotics keep working.

    This government is firmly committed to combatting drug resistant infections and refuses to allow modern medicine to grind to a halt – simple steps can make a huge difference. Dr Chris Van Tulleken, TV and of infectious diseases doctor at University College London Hospitals, comments: As an infectious diseases doctor, I see first-hand what happens if antibiotics don’t work – and it’s scary.

    1. Antibiotics are not just vital for treating serious bacterial infections, they’re needed to help with other treatments like chemotherapy.
    2. Antibiotic resistance is a problem that will affect every one of us, so we all have a role to play.
    3. As GPs we are often asked to prescribe antibiotics by patients who think that they will cure all their ills.

    The reality is that antibiotics are not always needed so you shouldn’t expect to be prescribed them by your doctor or nurse. Always take their advice and remember that your pharmacist can recommend medicines to help with your symptoms or pain. Public Health England’s new campaign is part of a wider cross-government strategy, involving the agricultural, pharmaceutical and healthcare sectors, which tackles the threat of antibiotic resistance by increasing supply and reducing inappropriate demand.

    Is ZINNAT the same as Augmentin?

    Are Zithromax and Augmentin the Same Thing? – Zithromax Z-PAK ( azithromycin ) and Augmentin ( amoxicillin /clavulanate) are antibiotics used to treat bacterial infections sinusitis, pneumonia, ear infections, bronchitis, and other types of infections caused by susceptible bacteria,

    How long does it take for immune system to recover after antibiotics?

    What probiotics for antibiotic side effects? – What Is Zinnat Used To Treat Probiotics combat the effects of antibiotics on good gut bacteria Typically, it will take the body time to balance the microbiome to healthy, diverse bacteria levels. In fact, research shows that it takes about 6 months to recover from the damage done by antibiotics.

    • And even then, the body might not even be back to its pre-antibiotic state.
    • Saccharomyces boulardii, a probiotic yeast is particularly good at preventing and alleviating antibiotic-associated diarrhea and traveller’s diarrhea.
    • It’s also a friend to your gut bacteria that supports good bacteria and prevents inflammation.

    Lactobacillus acidophilus, a probiotic bacterium best known for being in yoghurt is also great for your gut. Studies show that it’s good at treating and preventing infections, and reducing the digestive side effects of antibiotics. Other bacteria that help recover from antibiotic use include:

    L. casei L. Rhamnosus GG L. Plantarum 299v B. subtilis B. coagulans lactospore B. clausii

    What should I avoid while taking cefuroxime?

    7. Interactions – Medicines that interact with cefuroxime may either decrease its effect, affect how long it works for, increase side effects, or have less of an effect when taken with cefuroxime. An interaction between two medications does not always mean that you must stop taking one of the medications; however, sometimes it does.

    antacids such as aluminum hydroxide, calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, or sodium bicarbonate, which may affect the absorption of cefuroxime BCG intravesical (eg, Theracrys) gout medications, such as probenecid immunosuppressants, such as mycophenolate mofetil or mycophenolic acid indigestion and reflux medications such as cimetidine, dexlansoprazole, famotidine, nizatidine, rabeprazole, ranitidine, which may affect the absorption of cefuroxime typhoid vaccine (Vivotif).

    Avoid eating grapefruit and drinking grapefruit juice while taking cefuroxime. Cefuroxime may cause a false-positive reaction for glucose in the urine with copper reduction tests (eg, Benedict’s or Fehling’s solution), but not with enzyme-based tests.

    What disease does cefuroxime cure?

    pronounced as (se fyoor ox’ eem) Cefuroxime is used to treat certain infections caused by bacteria, such as bronchitis(infection of the airway tubes leading to the lungs); gonorrhea (a sexually transmitted disease); Lyme disease (an infection that may develop after a person is bitten by a tick); and infections of the skin, ears, sinuses, throat, tonsils, and urinary tract.

    Cefuroxime is in a class of medications called cephalosporin antibiotics. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria. Antibiotics such as cefuroxime will not work for colds, flu, or other viral infections. Using antibiotics when they are not needed increases your risk of getting an infection later that resists antibiotic treatment.

    Cefuroxime comes as a tablet and a suspension (liquid) to take by mouth. It is usually taken every 12 hours for 5-10 days, depending on the condition being treated. To treat gonorrhea, cefuroxime is taken as a single dose, and to treat Lyme disease, cefuroxime is taken every 12 hours for 20 days.

    Take the suspension with food; the tablet may be taken with or without food, Take cefuroxime at around the same times every day. Follow the directions on your prescription label carefully, and ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain any part you do not understand. Take cefuroxime exactly as directed.

    Do not take more or less of it or take it more often than prescribed by your doctor. Different cefuroxime products are absorbed by the body in different ways and cannot be substituted for one another. If you need to switch from one cefuroxime product to another, your doctor may need to adjust your dose.

    1. Shake the suspension well before each use to mix the medication evenly.
    2. The tablets should be swallowed whole.
    3. Because the crushed tablet has a strong bitter taste, the tablet should not be crushed.
    4. Children who cannot swallow the tablet whole should take the liquid instead.
    5. You should begin to feel better during the first few days of treatment with cefuroxime.

    If your symptoms do not improve or get worse, call your doctor. Take cefuroxime until you finish the prescription, even if you feel better. If you stop taking cefuroxime too soon or skip doses, your infection may not be completely treated, and the bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics.

    Can zinnat treat gonorrhea?

    Abstract – The effectiveness of a single oral dose of Zinnat (cefuroxime axitil) in treating acute gonorrhoea was assessed in 12 men and 2 women who received 1.0 g. the cure rate was 85.7% (12/14). No adverse effect was found. Zinnat was effective, convenient, well tolerated and valuable drug in treatment of acute gonorrhoea.

    Can Zinnat treat gonorrhea?

    Abstract – The effectiveness of a single oral dose of Zinnat (cefuroxime axitil) in treating acute gonorrhoea was assessed in 12 men and 2 women who received 1.0 g. the cure rate was 85.7% (12/14). No adverse effect was found. Zinnat was effective, convenient, well tolerated and valuable drug in treatment of acute gonorrhoea.

    Can I take Zinnat 500mg twice a day?

    The recommended dose of Zinnat is 250 mg to 500 mg twice daily depending on the severity and type of infection.

    What type of infection is cefuroxime used for?

    pronounced as (se fyoor ox’ eem) Cefuroxime is used to treat certain infections caused by bacteria, such as bronchitis(infection of the airway tubes leading to the lungs); gonorrhea (a sexually transmitted disease); Lyme disease (an infection that may develop after a person is bitten by a tick); and infections of the skin, ears, sinuses, throat, tonsils, and urinary tract.

    Cefuroxime is in a class of medications called cephalosporin antibiotics. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria. Antibiotics such as cefuroxime will not work for colds, flu, or other viral infections. Using antibiotics when they are not needed increases your risk of getting an infection later that resists antibiotic treatment.

    Cefuroxime comes as a tablet and a suspension (liquid) to take by mouth. It is usually taken every 12 hours for 5-10 days, depending on the condition being treated. To treat gonorrhea, cefuroxime is taken as a single dose, and to treat Lyme disease, cefuroxime is taken every 12 hours for 20 days.

    Take the suspension with food; the tablet may be taken with or without food, Take cefuroxime at around the same times every day. Follow the directions on your prescription label carefully, and ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain any part you do not understand. Take cefuroxime exactly as directed.

    Do not take more or less of it or take it more often than prescribed by your doctor. Different cefuroxime products are absorbed by the body in different ways and cannot be substituted for one another. If you need to switch from one cefuroxime product to another, your doctor may need to adjust your dose.

    Shake the suspension well before each use to mix the medication evenly. The tablets should be swallowed whole. Because the crushed tablet has a strong bitter taste, the tablet should not be crushed. Children who cannot swallow the tablet whole should take the liquid instead. You should begin to feel better during the first few days of treatment with cefuroxime.

    If your symptoms do not improve or get worse, call your doctor. Take cefuroxime until you finish the prescription, even if you feel better. If you stop taking cefuroxime too soon or skip doses, your infection may not be completely treated, and the bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics.